Illustration of a real-time soil pH measurement system that includes a NexSens X3 data logger, solar panel, and two soil PH probes deployed in a field.

6.5 Soil pH

Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of soil, represented on a logarithmic scale ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Soils with pH values below 7 are acidic, while those above 7 are alkaline. Most soils fall within the range of pH 3 (ultra acid) to pH 10 (extremely […]

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Illustration of a real-time soil conductivity sensing system.

6.3 Electrical Conductivity

Soil conductivity, often referred to as electrical conductivity (EC), measures the ability of soil to conduct electrical current. This property is determined by the presence of dissolved salts and other charged particles (ions) in the soil solution. Conductivity is directly influenced by soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, as water and dissolved ions serve as the […]

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Illustration of a real-time soil moisture monitoring system.

6.1 Soil Moisture

Soil moisture is the amount of water present in the pore spaces between soil particles. It is influenced by several factors, including rainfall, runoff, root absorption, and evaporation. Soil composition, texture, structure, and organic matter content also affect a soil’s capacity to absorb and release water, with finer soils like clay retaining water more effectively […]

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