Illustration of a real-time soil moisture monitoring system.

6.1 Soil Moisture

Soil moisture is the amount of water present in the pore spaces between soil particles. It is influenced by several factors, including rainfall, runoff, root absorption, and evaporation. Soil composition, texture, structure, and organic matter content also affect a soil’s capacity to absorb and release water, with finer soils like clay retaining water more effectively […]

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Illustration of a dock monitoring system that is measuring water level.

4.1 Water level

Water level measurement is a fundamental aspect of water resource management and environmental monitoring in aquatic ecosystems. Monitoring the water level in natural waters such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, oceans, groundwater, and other water bodies is essential to researchers, resource managers, infrastructure planners, port authorities, and other environmental professionals. Climate change concerns have also amplified […]

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